This week's lecture is about the integration of technology in science education. There are 7 methods and strategies of technology integration introduced to us. Let's us look into all those methosd and strategies one by one.
1. MBL ( Microcomputer Based Laboratory):
A microcomputer based laboratory (MBL) is one in which a microcomputer is used to collect,
store, process, and analyze data. It is a system consists of a sensor or a probe connected to a microcomputer via an electronic device known as an interface. The educational advantage of a MBL-system is the possibility to collect physical data in real time and that the data is immediately available for analysis and presentation. Accroding to the lecturer, this strategy is more suitable for level 2 primary school as concrete learners need something that help them to visualise such as histogram and chart.
2. Drill and Practice:
This strategy is a structured, repetitive review of previously learned concepts to a predetermined level of mastery. Drill and Practice activities help learners master materials at their own pace. Drills are usually repetitive and are used as a reinforcement tool.example of activity using this strategy are multiplication in mathematics and question & answer session atthe end of the lesson. despite of the advantages of using this strategy as stated before, there are several disadvantages of using this strategy such as it is more teacher centred, and studetns just want to get write answers. Thus, teacher should not only use this strategy in classroom as it should depend on what the students should master.
3. Tutorial:
Tutorial means students are taught everything, from A to Z by the teacher or following instruction in specific websites. when integrated with technology, it uses computer to deliver an entire instructional sequence similar to a teacher’s classroom instruction . The advantages of this strategy are it enhances sel-based learning and more democracy and thus motivate students to learn. However it is based on the studetns' discipline in learning as they are responsible for their own learning and this strategy is a directed instruction ( behaviourist) in which they just follow everything prepared for them.
4. Simulation:
A simulation is a form of experiential learning. Simulations are instructional scenarios where the learner is placed in a "world" defined by the teacher. They represent a reality within which students interact. The teacher controls the parameters of this "world" and uses it to achieve the desired instructional results. It is a strategy that fits well with the principles of constructivism. examples of this strategy are using Virtual reality (VR) to operate, and vidoes that shows how particles moves. This strategy could benefit the students in which it 1) promotes the use of critical and evaluative thinking. 2) The ambiguous or open ended nature of a simulation encourages students to contemplate the implications of a scenario. 3) The situation feels real and thus leads to more engaging interaction by learners. Yet, there are several cons that need to be consider such as it is over simplified, it is a complicated way to teach a simple concept and also do the studetns really developing thinking skills or they just mastering the activities.
5. Problem Solving:
Problem solving focuses on knowing the issues, considering all possible factor and finding a solution. Because all ideas are accepted initially, problem solving allows for finding the best possible solution as opposed to the easiest solution or the first solution proposed. Same as the other strategies, this strategy also has it pros and cons. This stragey might help to enhance Creative and Critical Thinking Skills (CCTS) among the students, however it is not applicable to all grades due to the prior knowledge that students have.
6. Infomation Retrieval:
This is a technique and process of searching, recovering, and interpreting information from large amounts of stored data.
7. Educational Games:
This educational games can be in the form of courseware that includes elements of drill & practice, tutorials. It promotes learning through a fun way, and the types include: adventure games, arcade games, board games etc. The advantages of using this strategy are it is motivating & exciting to users, an interesting approach to learning, and also provides higher retention of concepts learnt. Nevertheless, some issues related to this strategy are users aim to winning and not to focus in achieving the focus of the game, and confusion might arise.
All in all, a teacher should select the most appropriate strategy to be used depending on the focus of the lesson. it is important to make sure that the strategy chosen coulde really help in enhancing studetns' learning.
1. MBL ( Microcomputer Based Laboratory):
A microcomputer based laboratory (MBL) is one in which a microcomputer is used to collect,
store, process, and analyze data. It is a system consists of a sensor or a probe connected to a microcomputer via an electronic device known as an interface. The educational advantage of a MBL-system is the possibility to collect physical data in real time and that the data is immediately available for analysis and presentation. Accroding to the lecturer, this strategy is more suitable for level 2 primary school as concrete learners need something that help them to visualise such as histogram and chart.
2. Drill and Practice:
This strategy is a structured, repetitive review of previously learned concepts to a predetermined level of mastery. Drill and Practice activities help learners master materials at their own pace. Drills are usually repetitive and are used as a reinforcement tool.example of activity using this strategy are multiplication in mathematics and question & answer session atthe end of the lesson. despite of the advantages of using this strategy as stated before, there are several disadvantages of using this strategy such as it is more teacher centred, and studetns just want to get write answers. Thus, teacher should not only use this strategy in classroom as it should depend on what the students should master.
3. Tutorial:
Tutorial means students are taught everything, from A to Z by the teacher or following instruction in specific websites. when integrated with technology, it uses computer to deliver an entire instructional sequence similar to a teacher’s classroom instruction . The advantages of this strategy are it enhances sel-based learning and more democracy and thus motivate students to learn. However it is based on the studetns' discipline in learning as they are responsible for their own learning and this strategy is a directed instruction ( behaviourist) in which they just follow everything prepared for them.
4. Simulation:
A simulation is a form of experiential learning. Simulations are instructional scenarios where the learner is placed in a "world" defined by the teacher. They represent a reality within which students interact. The teacher controls the parameters of this "world" and uses it to achieve the desired instructional results. It is a strategy that fits well with the principles of constructivism. examples of this strategy are using Virtual reality (VR) to operate, and vidoes that shows how particles moves. This strategy could benefit the students in which it 1) promotes the use of critical and evaluative thinking. 2) The ambiguous or open ended nature of a simulation encourages students to contemplate the implications of a scenario. 3) The situation feels real and thus leads to more engaging interaction by learners. Yet, there are several cons that need to be consider such as it is over simplified, it is a complicated way to teach a simple concept and also do the studetns really developing thinking skills or they just mastering the activities.
5. Problem Solving:
Problem solving focuses on knowing the issues, considering all possible factor and finding a solution. Because all ideas are accepted initially, problem solving allows for finding the best possible solution as opposed to the easiest solution or the first solution proposed. Same as the other strategies, this strategy also has it pros and cons. This stragey might help to enhance Creative and Critical Thinking Skills (CCTS) among the students, however it is not applicable to all grades due to the prior knowledge that students have.
6. Infomation Retrieval:
This is a technique and process of searching, recovering, and interpreting information from large amounts of stored data.
7. Educational Games:
This educational games can be in the form of courseware that includes elements of drill & practice, tutorials. It promotes learning through a fun way, and the types include: adventure games, arcade games, board games etc. The advantages of using this strategy are it is motivating & exciting to users, an interesting approach to learning, and also provides higher retention of concepts learnt. Nevertheless, some issues related to this strategy are users aim to winning and not to focus in achieving the focus of the game, and confusion might arise.
All in all, a teacher should select the most appropriate strategy to be used depending on the focus of the lesson. it is important to make sure that the strategy chosen coulde really help in enhancing studetns' learning.
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